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KMID : 1143420200130523665
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Public Health Weekly Report
2020 Volume.13 No. 52 p.3665 ~ p.3675
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A community-based study of severe trauma, death and disability, 2018
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Jo Ji-Yeon
Park Soo-Jung
An Ju-Yeon
Kweon Sang-Hui
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Abstract
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Worldwide, unintentional injury is a leading cause of death and a major health problem. The aim of this study was to present the current (2019) status of severe trauma, death and disability by analyzing 2018 community-based severe trauma survey data. This study conducted an all-inclusive survey of all severe traumas, non-traumatic severe injuries and disasters transported by 119 emergency medical services in 2018. The Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) was used to grade the severity of trauma. As per the injury mechanism determined by the date on the final medical record, there were 30,034 severe traumas, 12,248 non-traumatic severe injuries, and 6,185 disasters. Of the cases transferred by 119 emergency medical services to primary medical institutions, 5,437 cases were transferred from the emergency room to other hospitals, of which 3,919 cases were closed when the patient medical record surveys were completed between transfers. In addition to case transferals, patient recovery and disability rates were analyzed. The primary finding was that; by incidence, the rate of severe trauma was 62.8 per 100,000 people in 2018; by sex, 69.1% of the trauma occurred in men; and by age, 19.7% occurred in people in their 50s, 17.0% in people in their 60s, and 12.8% in people in their 70s. The study also found that most of the injury mechanisms were either transport accidents (46.7%) or slips and falls (40.3%). Furthermore, the fatality rate of severe trauma patients was 18.4%, and the fatality rate by injury mechanism was the highest in transport accidents at 22.1%. Of the 24,512 survivors of severe trauma, 73.0% recovered to the extent that they could return to daily life, 26.9% had a moderate to severe disability disorder, and 29.6% of the disabled patients were in a vegetative state where daily life became impossible. Community-based severe trauma investigations, such as the one conducted in this study, provide basic data for improving the survival rate of severe trauma by calculating the results for each region and by evaluating the type of emergency medical institution.
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KEYWORD
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Severe trauma, Mortality, Disability
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